by Irena Scott, Ph.D. and William E. Jones, JD
Ufology has a couple of "unspeakables." They sometimes seem to bubble up in conversation, or appear in the most extreme and unreliable of publications. They are never discussed by polite UFO society. Mention one of these unspeakables and watch how quickly the conversation is changed and how quickly you become ignored. Bring them up again and you become the embarrassment of the party. What are these unspeakables? Human mutilations and missing children.
Are there reports of UFO related human mutilations and missing children? Yes, there are. Not many, but the reports are out there, for whatever they are worth. "Oh, but," you say, "since there are so few of these reports they must be untrue." Perhaps. However, are there truly few reports or are the incidents mostly going unreported? Until we ask we won't know, and right now not many objective investigators are asking.
Mr. William S. English reported to the UFO research community that he has seen the rumored and elusive Project Grudge/Bluebook Report No. 13. He told us that it is full of all sorts of strange and dark stories. Included is a missing child case, perhaps ufology's first. In October, 1953 a young boy was reportedly kidnapped off his parent's farm by little men who got out of a flying saucer. The parents witnessed this happen. Soon after the government came in and took charge; the boy and his parents were taken away to a special facility and were not seen again. Report No. 13 calls this "the Darlington farm case out of Ohio." Was Mr. English's report of this case taken seriously? Not for long. No one who looked could find Darlington, Ohio. Thus, it was concluded that the story must have been a hoax. It dropped out of the UFO news until MidOhio Research Associates (MORA) found Darlington, Ohio. In fact, MORA found three of them. Two are located in Ohio, one south of Mansfield and another near Zanesville Another is located in western Pennsylvania, northwest of Pittsburgh, within 5 miles or so of the Ohio border. Does this prove the kidnapping took place? Obviously, it does not, but it should make us feel a bit uncomfortable. MORA will continue to investigate this case as new information becomes available. (See: Ohio UFO Notebook, August, 1991, pp 15-17.)
An article by Don Ecker, which appeared in the July/August 1989 issue, Volume 4, No. 3, of UFO Magazine, entitled "Apparent FBI Stonewall-Report of Human Mutilations" asks this question after briefly discussing two cattle mutilation cases: "But what if the human equation is entered? Have any cases surfaced that would suggest at any point that human beings have been victim to such grisly assaults? The answer is yes, and this brings a frightening new facet to the UFO phenomenon." Ecker goes on to report that over 3000 missing children reports have surfaced in a single New York county. Further, in Idaho in 1979 the mutilated and nude body of a young man was found in a wilderness area, mutilated in the same fashion that has become so familiar with cattle. His genitals had been surgically removed, his lips had been taken off, and an ear was missing. There was a noticeable lack of blood. When found, his bare feet were clean and unmarked and he was wearing only his underwear. His possessions were later found several miles away. Incidents from Europe, Mexico, Vietnam and from Central and South America are alluded to. Ecker had a law enforcement friend attempt to use the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) computer to verify these type reports since 1970 from several western states. NCIC responded by saying that it had no such reports for these states. He was then warned off, apparently by his supervisors. Several other law enforcement friends tried the same thing with the same result. One friend concluded, "Someone is sitting on something, big as Hell." (Sources: UFO Magazine and the tape of a speech entitled "The Possibility of Human Mutilations" given by Mr. Ecker before an audience interested in UFOs and made available to MORA by Bill Knell)
Having been taken to task for this report by abductee and author Whitley Strieber, Don Ecker replied in the March/April 1990, Volume 5, No. 2, of the same magazine that he rechecked the data and his sources and he stands behind what he first wrote. He adds that an assistant medical examiner in a New York county has reported that fresh human cadavers in several area morgues had undergone similar cattle-like mutilations. The situation was quickly hushed up. Ecker concludes, "No concrete evidence can definitively link the UFO to these occurrences, but, as Alice in Wonderland said, 'Things are curiouser and curiouser.'"
Mr. Ecker wrote MORA a letter after reading the first version of this article which appeared in the Ohio UFO Notebook, Supplement 1-92, July, 1992. The letter stated in part: "The human mutilation subject is horribly tough to break through. I had additional information I could not use because I could not verify it, and the sources were scared to death to be associated with the subject. Most researchers, as you may have found out, do not wish to be linked with such a subject."
Following up on the two Ecker articles, MORA contacted a respected and credible nationally known UFO researcher to see if his research could shed any light on this situation. He replied, "Yes, I did come across several human mutilation cases...To my knowledge I think all the cases were either homeless people, prostitutes or single individuals with no family. The cases were shut up by the [X] police and attributed to cult activities in the area. To my knowledge no further cases have surfaced since [then]." He went on to observe, "I think the study of human mutilations should be investigated since there might be a UFO connection. The only way one is to succeed with this project is to get the cooperation of local and State law enforcement and when it comes to homicide, this is a tall order." He concluded, "...from my experience you are dealing in a very dangerous area and the best avenue of approach might be to get a confidential informant." This person refuses to discuss the issue any further; in fact he won't respond to my letters on any subject. Out of respect to him, his name and where he lives and works will be held confidential.
Not yet wanting to give up, MORA contacted a second UFO researcher of like reputation who shall, because of my respect for this person, also remain nameless. Like before, we got one response. It included some very good advice. In response to some specific anatomical questions, the researcher replied, "The subject of human mutilations is a very difficult one because if it is true, no one wants it to be. I have never seen hard evidence such as autopsy reports or photographs that would firmly establish for me that humans have been found with blood drained and cookie cutter-precise cuts [as with cattle]. However, there is anecdotal testimony, especially from the Vietnam [War] era." The advice, "You have to ask yourself a question...if you do receive clear, hard, indisputable evidence that aliens...have and/or are killing and mutilating humans for unknown purposes, would you go to the public with that information? I pursue truth to the best of my ability, but I have also learned that it carries the burden of responsibility for its implications and social consequences. Therefore, I don't deal with the subject to any extent in public. Rightly or wrongly, that is the decision I have made." The researcher concludes from his own research, "If aliens have mutilated humans, I believe the number is a small percentage [of humans who have been abducted] and your own conclusion about risk of social panic I believe is correct. One area that does concern me is the number of missing people [including children]."
The editorial section of the British UFO magazine Flying Saucer Review written by Gordon Creighton in its December Quarter, 1990, Vol. 35, No. 4 issue contained this chilling comment:
On October 23, 1977, British police officer Alan Godffrey of the West Yorkshire Metropolitan Police Force was in his patrol car searching for three men who had assaulted a man the night before. He spotted the three outside a bar. He called for backup and then got out of his car and approached the men. Before help could arrive Officer Godffrey was seriously beaten. He underwent a long period of recuperation, having suffered a number of injuries including the loss of a testicle. His doctors told him that he was permanently sterile.
On June 11, 1980, having returned to duty sometime before, he was sent to investigate the mysterious death of a man who had been found on the top of a coal pile. The man was wearing a top coat, but no shirt. He had on a "string vest." His coat was fastened incorrectly; the buttons were inserted in the wrong holes. The fly of his pants was open. His shoes were tied improperly. At 10 AM that day witnesses were found who could say that the body was not on the coal pile at that time. Another witness said the body wasn't there at 1:30 PM; it was found "later that afternoon." When the autopsy results were in it was learned that the man had been dead for at least eight hours. The man had obviously died elsewhere several hours before his body was placed on the coal pile. The police never found out where the death occurred. The autopsy found a strange substance on the man's neck that was never identified and also determined he had died of a heart attack, possibly caused by fright. There were burns on his body. No foot prints were found indicating that he either walked or crawled, or was carried or dragged to the top of the pile. It was if he had been dropped there. The man had been missing six days and was 30 to 40 miles from home. (For UFO trivia buffs, the man was named Sigmond Adamski.)
On November 28, 1980, Officer Godffrey was again on patrol in his car. It was night time. He had been dispatched to locate some cows that people had complained kept "appearing and disappearing" in a local estate (park). (They would be seen in the park, but later when people returned the cows would be gone.) The cows did not belong in that park. After searching for the cows for sometime, Officer Godffrey encountered a disk like vehicle with blue flashing lights hovering about five feet off the road in front of him. He said, "It was completely unbelievable." His radios didn't work, so he couldn't call for help. The disk made no noise nor gave off any heat. The trees lining the road were "shaking violently." While sitting in his car, he drew a picture of the disk. The next thing he knew he was twenty or thirty yards up the road, still in his car. Twenty minutes had passed and he had no memory of what had happened during this time. He turned around and drove to where he had seen the disk. It was gone. Even though it had rained during the evening, the road there was dry.
Officer Godffrey returned to the police station and two other officers were sent back to the site with him. They searched the area and found nothing except the dry patch of road. They then unlocked a gate and went into the park to continue the search. They found the cows. According to their testimony, there was no path indicating how the cows had gotten into the park. It was as if they had been dropped in.
A year later a reporter discovered that Officer Godffrey, who had investigated the Adamski death, had also reported the UFO sighting while on duty. The reporter wrote an article for his paper and linked the two cases. Officer Godffrey's credibility was damaged and his career was in trouble. His superiors tried to fire him.
A friend later suggested that he try hypnosis to see if he could remember what happened to him during the missing period of time. It didn't work. However, his sexual ability returned one night after his wife heard a strange sound in their bedroom. She tried to wake her husband unsuccessfully. The source of the sound was never determined. The next morning they made love for the first time since he was injured in 1977. The good news is that a pregnancy resulted. The bad news is that Mr. Godffrey is no longer a police officer.
No connection was ever established between the Adamski death and the UFO encounter Godffrey had on the road near the park, except in the mind of the newspaper reporter. However, Mr. Godffrey's experiences are odd enough to record here. (Source: Visitors From the Unknown, an hour long CBS show made for television, 1991, narrated by James Earl Jones)
MORA associate, Rebecca Minshall, attended the 1992 MUFON Symposium in Albuquerque, New Mexico in early July. She reported that one of the speakers, Dr. Vladimir G. Ajaja, made a rather cryptic statement concerning apparent abductions in his native Russia. Dr. Ajaja said through his interpreter that 5,500 people in his country were abducted last year and never returned. Dr. Ajaja stated further that the mutilated bodies of some abductees had been found. When asked how they were mutilated, he said that sexual organs had been removed. The unfortunate victims were mostly in their early twenties. He associated the youth of the abductees with their being in their sexual prime. His demeanor was very grim and he said he felt the abduction phenomenon was very grave, very serious.
Dr. Ajaja's paper published in the symposium proceedings was not the paper presented orally. This is unfortunate as we cannot go to the proceedings to verify his extraordinary remarks.
Dr. Ajaja is the organizer of the Moscow Commission on Anomalous Phenomena.
More recently on the Prodigy computer information service, the following report dated December 9, 1992 at 10:51 PM, appeared from a person who identified himself as Michael Mace:
A. J. then presented the 7 photos of the human mutilation[s]. Apparently the photos were "liberated" from either the police or military...[The mutilations were similar] to the cattle mutilation photos...The deceased had the skin cut away from one cheek/jowl/jaw, cut very precisely (surgically), exposing the bone/teeth underneath. The photos also showed the absence of various parts - ears, eyes, lips, and certain unmentionables...
In its own small way, MORA looked into the human mutilation issue in Ohio. It wrote coroners in twenty-three of Ohio's eighty-eight counties, describing those wounds typically found on suspiciously mutilated cattle and asking (without reference to UFOs or cattle mutilations) if those type wounds had been observed on any murder victims over the previous five years. Twelve responses were received, all negative. Thirty rural radio stations and newspapers in Ohio were sent a similar letter. Very few responded, and those few were also negative. A similar letter was sent to twenty-five police homicide officers around the country by a law enforcement officer known to MORA. He had attended a homicide course with these people and knew some of them well. Not one response was received. You can read into these results either that a cover-up exists, there is no problem (at least in central Ohio), or the recipients of the letters didn't take the inquiry seriously and failed to check into the matter further. We will never know which is correct.
Of the two "unspeakables", the missing children issue is the most troubling. Even without the possibility of alien intervention, the way Earth's children are treated is appalling. Pictures of starving and tortured children from underdeveloped countries are often seen in newspapers and magazines, and on television. The physical and sexual abuse of children are crimes that have recently caught the attention of the world press. We've come to realize that this societal mistreatment of the young takes place in America and other civilized countries too, all too often.
The problem of missing children in America is large. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) reported on June 30, 1992 the following statistics on missing, abducted, runaway and thrownaway children for the time period June 13, 1984 through June 30, 1992.
In its report on missing children based upon several surveys the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice and Delinquency Prevention, using the same categories as the NCMEC, stated that there were an estimated 3,200 to 4,600 non-family abductions in 1988, of which only 200 to 300 were "stereotypical kidnappings." In only 2 percent of the non-family abduction cases was the child still missing at the time of the last police report. Based on FBI data, there were an estimated 43 to 147 stranger abduction homicides annually between 1976 and 1987. An analysis of the FBI data showed no discernible change in the rate for this type of homicide. Of the large number of lost, injured, or otherwise missing children reported in 1988, only 1 percent were still missing at the time of the data collection effort. Given that there were 139,100 such cases considered serious by social and law enforcement agencies (there were an additional 299,100 cases considered less serious), there were 1,391 children still missing, a relatively small but not insignificant number. (See: "Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Throwaway Children in America, First Report: Numbers and Characteristics, National Incidence Studies," Executive Summary, May 1990, US Department of Justice. The full 227 page report can be purchased for $14.40.)
In the summary of the Department of Justice report it is was concluded that "it was not possible to develop a meaningful and useful global figure for the number of missing children." (Emphasis theirs.) "First, because of the profound differences among the problems, it did not make sense from a scientific standpoint to add together such disparate episodes as runaways, stranger abducted children, parentally abducted children and so forth...into a single number of so-called missing children. Second, children in these categories were missing in different senses [or]...not missing at all. Finally, when such numbers as these have been lumped together in the past, it has created a great deal of confusion."
In an article about the disappearance and death of Steven Mark Hicks, apparently the first victim of alleged mass murdered Jeffrey L. Dahmer, the New York Times reported that every year "more than 700,000 disappearances like that of Mr. Hicks are reported to local police, said a spokesman for the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Though many of the missing people have been abducted by strangers, almost half are children who are runaways or pawns in family disputes. Others are adults who have left home without telling anyone." (See: Tabor, Mary B. W., "Sorrow and Frustration On Trails of the Missing," New York Times, Monday, August 12, 1991, p A13.)
Jay Howell, Executive Director of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, estimates that between 4,000 and 20,000 children are kidnapped by strangers each year. Bill Treanor, then Executive Director of the Washington-based American Youth Work Center, says that the figure is closer to 100. He points out that the FBI logged only 67 such abductions last year [1984]. (See: "How Many Missing Kids?," Newsweek, October 7, 1985, p 30, 35.) Time Magazine reports that, "Although some child-safety advocates once claimed that 50,000 children are abducted by people they do not know, the FBI investigated just 68 [67 noted from Newsweek just above] kidnapping cases last year [1984] involving children." (See: "Protecting Kids," Time, November 18, 1985, p 47.)
A similar response to the numbers can be found in an article by Peter Schneider which appeared in the February 1987 issue of Harpers Magazine titled "Lost Innocents: The Myth of Missing Children." Concerned about his own young daughter because of what he was hearing from others about the threat of child abductions, he decided to do some research on his own. He discovered that, "Most runaways return to their families within three days, so on any given day there are likely to be 30,000 to 40,000 open cases...Only about 5 percent of the missing for any significant amount of time can be regarded as kidnapped; and of these, four out of five were "kidnapped" by one of their parents - the kidnapping usually being the last straw in a rancorous dispute. One percent at the most of all those missing were abducted by strangers... Nobody really knows how many children are reported missing in the United States - estimates range from 380,000 to more than a million; a large number, at any rate. But experts agree that about 95 percent of these children fall into the category of runaways."
All of these differing numbers are confusing and misleading. Even the experts don't agree on what the numbers really are. This makes it difficult for researchers like ourselves to reach any meaningful conclusions. How many unaccounted for cases are there? Apparently no one really knows.
The missing and exploited children problem is not one that is restricted to the United States. For example, according to the Brazilian police, more than 6,000 Brazilians under the age of 18 have been murdered in the past four years, many by the country's increasingly powerful drug gangs and death squads hired by local merchants wanting to clean up the streets of criminals. It has been reported that an estimated 200,000 Brazilian children live on the country's streets. Indicative of the problem in Brazil, 60 of every 1,000 babies annually die before the age of one and 7.4 million haven't finished grade school. The reason for this mainly lies in "Brazil's Dickensian social disorganization and poverty" resulting from a massive shift in population from the countryside to Brazil's urban areas. (See: "Dead End Kids," Newsweek, May 25, 1992, pp 38-40.) Brazil is not the only country with a missing and exploited children problem. There are 50,000 children roaming the streets of Nairobi, often because parents cannot afford the fees charged at government schools. (See: New York Times, January 2, 1991, Section A, page 1.)
In Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police statistics note that in 1989 only four children under the age of 17 were abducted in that country by strangers. During the same year, 574 children were reported to have been abducted by one of their parents, of which 200 are still listed as missing. The police are not certain if all of these 200 cases are truly parental abductions. Of the total of 57,398 children under the age of 17 who were reported missing, more than half were located within 24 hours and 89% were located within two months; 73% of the missing children were listed a runaways. As in the United States, Canadian statistics do not tell the entire story, but the number of children abducted by strangers, or perhaps worse, seems small even though the actual number is impossible to determine with any accuracy. (See: Brady, Diane, "The Mounting Toll of Missing Children," McLean's, December 10, 1990, pp 54-55.)
The famine in Somalia poses the threat of starvation to one-quarter of the country's 6.5 million people. The US Agency for International Development estimates that one-quarter of all children under the age of five have already died from the effects of tribal warfare, a breakdown of the country's agricultural based economy and widespread looting by heavily armed gangs. (See: Columbus [Ohio] Dispatch, "1 Million-Plus Somalians May Starve," by Jim Anderson of Deutsche Presse Agentur, Tuesday, August 4, 1992, p 6A.) If somebody wants a crop of kids for an unknown purpose, our world offers up numbers enough to satisfy any conceivable need.
Not all missing children or mutilated corpses require an other worldly explanation, to be sure. On July 2, 1992 a two year old boy was found in a field in Soweto Township, South Africa. His sexual organs were mutilated, his thumbs had been cut off, an attempt had been made to gouge out his eyes, and he was suffering from severe blood loss. The explanation for this horrible crime was that the child was mutilated as part of a witchcraft ritual. Some South African witch doctors apparently believe body parts of children are necessary for potions designed to ward off evil spirits. The doctor in charge of the boy's recovery is recommending a sex-change operation and female hormones to help correct some of the child's injuries. (See: Columbus [Ohio] Dispatch, Vol. 122, No. 6, Monday, July 6, 1992, p 6A - taken from a wire service report.)
A research colleague who we shall name Jim has written a book on the JFK assassination. He is also very interested in the UFO mystery and he is someone that we respect. He had this interesting observation on the missing children issue: "As to missing children--I have heard these rumors for many years, the latest was a man who approached me while I was in England...with reports of thousands of children being kidnapped. This man was trying to convince me that Satanists were behind a worldwide plot. But I have a great deal of problem with that idea. First off, as a police reporter for a number of years, I am aware of the high number of children taken in this country each year. But the vast majority of these are domestic situation[s] where one of the parents runs off with the children. The number of actual motiveless childnappings seems to be very small." [Emphasis ours.]
We did not seriously consider that the subject of missing children might be related to the UFO mystery until we met an ex-military man who, somewhat dejectedly said to us during an interview, "I suppose you know about the missing children." He confirmed that this problem had a UFO connection. Now, we are not so sure that we can ignore the possibility any longer, as much as we would like to. That doesn't mean we accept the reality of alien caused human mutilations and kidnapped children, but we are no longer going to brush the idea off without some consideration.
Information on the subject of human mutilations, at least in the public domain, seems almost nonexistent; if there is much alien involvement in this area it should at least be hinted at somewhere in the literature available to us. It is, but barely. So, based on the data presented above, we have to conclude that if there is some alien involvement in human mutilation cases, it is small. On the other hand, information on missing children is readily available, although the data is sometimes incomplete and confusing. However, the data does show convincingly that the number of children abducted by strangers is small, leaving the opportunity for an alien cause to be even smaller.
If these two problems are, even in a small way, a part of the UFO mystery, it is obvious that we can't bring it to the public's attention without careful thought, preparation, and very clear evidence. If the stories are real but small in number, and if the proof is as elusive as that for the UFO mystery as a whole, no one will believe the stories and UFO research will be discredited. On the other hand, if the stories are baseless, we must do our best to blunt their effects as soon as possible. The energy put into investigating these claims could be better expended elsewhere. If by some chance enough evidence is obtained to show that an alien connection is real, no matter how numerous the cases might be, we are going to have to rethink our entire approach to the study of the UFO mystery and how we present information on UFOs to the public. The social chaos from this revelation would be significant. For the sake of ufology and the public at large, and to prevent us from possibly doing irreparable damage before we know what we are doing, objective and trustworthy ufologists interested in these issues must begin communicating with each other and then do some first rate research - soon.
Frankly, even if there is a small alien intrusion into these areas, it is suggested that we also concern ourselves with what humankind is doing to itself. Our species is causing far more pain and suffering to its own members than the data offers the possibility of what the aliens are doing in this regard. If our species is in any way threatened, even on an individual level, from an alien source, we submit that the threat we have created for ourselves is far greater.
We admit that we do possess seemingly unassailable material about terrible atrocities committed against human beings in China by Aliens - material communicated to us privately, and personally, by a millionaire industrialist who frequently has reason to make business visits to China and knows the country well. All this, we repeat, may well be true, alas. Even if it is true, I am not going to publish it. Let somebody else do that if they want to. One may ask why? The only reply can be that there are surely still other aspects of which we must not lose sight...there seems to be overwhelming evidence of many more than just one species of "Alien". If so, then surely there must be more than one possible policy or attitude toward us! The outlook may seem dismal at present. But how foolish it would be to assume that we see the entire picture. [Emphasis by FSR.]
Mr. Leonard H. Stringfield, veteran Ohio UFO researcher and crash/retrieval specialist, reports on a human mutilation case in his sixth status report. A high ranking Army officer Mr. Stringfield has known for several years wrote to him that in April, 1972 members of a US Army Special Operations group operating in Cambodia became involved in a fire fight with the occupants of an alien craft. The result of this action was several alien casualties and a human death. In addition, several other humans were inflicted with burn injuries from an unknown type weapon. The horrific part of the story is that the group came upon the aliens as they were sorting human body parts into large bins and sealing them. After the fire fight the aliens packed as much as they could and loaded the bins unto the alien craft. The craft then lifted off quickly and disappeared from sight. According to Mr. Stringfield, his Army source can no longer be contacted, lending some credibility to the conclusion that either the story is true or it has been released for some bizarre disinformation purpose. (See: Stringfield, Leonard H., UFO Crash/Retrievals: The Inner Sanctum, Status Report VI, July, 1991, pp 50-52.)
Professor A. J. Gevaerd of Brazil talked for three hours [at a recent UFO congress in Las Vegas, Nevada] about the Brazilian UFO situation...He pointed out that Brazil has massive UFO flaps, complete abductions, and mutilations.
Out of a total of 30,131 cases, 20,181 were located alive and 288 deceased, leaving 9,962 unaccounted for. Thus, we lost 9,662 American children over the approximate eight year period in question. (A memo accompanying NCMEC's report uses a larger number of 9,950.) If that isn't bad enough, the NCMEC report goes on to say, "However, please be aware that these figures in no way represent the scope of the problem of missing children in the United States. These are cases filed with the national center only. Many more cases exist that go unreported to this organization." [Our emphasis.] In another earlier report the NCMEC states that it has "more than 4000 active cases involving children missing for more than two years." (See: "Nonprofit Service Provider's Handbook", National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 550, Arlington, Virginia 22201, March, 1990, p 52.)
"America's Missing and Exploited Children: Their Safety and Their Future," U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 1986, 32pp.
"Annual Report on Missing Children," U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1990, 102 pp.
"Epidemic of the Eighties - Missing and Exploited Children," Spaulding, W. E., (From Crime and Punishment in Modern America, pp 99-114, 1986, Patrick B. McGuigan and Jon S. Pascale, editors.) Available: Free Congress Research and Education Foundation Institute for Government and Politics, 721 Second St., NE., Washington, DC. 20002.
"Missing and Exploited Children: The Challenge Continues," U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, December, 1988, 60 pp.
Missing Children, Hyde, M.O., and L.E. Hyde, Franklin Watts, Inc., 387 Park Avenue, S, New York, N.Y. 10016, 1985.
"The Sexual Exploitation of Missing Children: A Research Review," U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, October, 1988, 48 pp.